1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:42,299 I 2 00:00:42,299 --> 00:00:42,309 3 00:00:42,309 --> 00:00:44,619 imagine taking off from an airport 4 00:00:44,619 --> 00:00:44,629 imagine taking off from an airport 5 00:00:44,629 --> 00:00:47,170 imagine taking off from an airport runway flying at three to five times the 6 00:00:47,170 --> 00:00:47,180 runway flying at three to five times the 7 00:00:47,180 --> 00:00:50,169 runway flying at three to five times the speed of sound at altitudes of 20 miles 8 00:00:50,169 --> 00:00:50,179 speed of sound at altitudes of 20 miles 9 00:00:50,179 --> 00:00:53,049 speed of sound at altitudes of 20 miles or even higher a few short hours after 10 00:00:53,049 --> 00:00:53,059 or even higher a few short hours after 11 00:00:53,059 --> 00:00:55,180 or even higher a few short hours after departure you come to a stop halfway 12 00:00:55,180 --> 00:00:55,190 departure you come to a stop halfway 13 00:00:55,190 --> 00:00:58,389 departure you come to a stop halfway around the world or maybe you took off 14 00:00:58,389 --> 00:00:58,399 around the world or maybe you took off 15 00:00:58,399 --> 00:01:00,310 around the world or maybe you took off from a runway and flew directly into 16 00:01:00,310 --> 00:01:00,320 from a runway and flew directly into 17 00:01:00,320 --> 00:01:02,709 from a runway and flew directly into orbit to work in space and then you 18 00:01:02,709 --> 00:01:02,719 orbit to work in space and then you 19 00:01:02,719 --> 00:01:04,539 orbit to work in space and then you returned landing on a conventional 20 00:01:04,539 --> 00:01:04,549 returned landing on a conventional 21 00:01:04,549 --> 00:01:08,350 returned landing on a conventional Airport runway the National aerospace 22 00:01:08,350 --> 00:01:08,360 Airport runway the National aerospace 23 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:11,170 Airport runway the National aerospace plane will try to make both scenarios a 24 00:01:11,170 --> 00:01:11,180 plane will try to make both scenarios a 25 00:01:11,180 --> 00:01:14,380 plane will try to make both scenarios a reality NASA and the Department of 26 00:01:14,380 --> 00:01:14,390 reality NASA and the Department of 27 00:01:14,390 --> 00:01:16,899 reality NASA and the Department of Defense have done research on hyper 28 00:01:16,899 --> 00:01:16,909 Defense have done research on hyper 29 00:01:16,909 --> 00:01:20,410 Defense have done research on hyper sonic technology for many years the NASA 30 00:01:20,410 --> 00:01:20,420 sonic technology for many years the NASA 31 00:01:20,420 --> 00:01:23,169 sonic technology for many years the NASA technology demonstrator will be a highly 32 00:01:23,169 --> 00:01:23,179 technology demonstrator will be a highly 33 00:01:23,179 --> 00:01:26,169 technology demonstrator will be a highly advanced explain a new member of the 34 00:01:26,169 --> 00:01:26,179 advanced explain a new member of the 35 00:01:26,179 --> 00:01:28,660 advanced explain a new member of the elite special research aircraft that 36 00:01:28,660 --> 00:01:28,670 elite special research aircraft that 37 00:01:28,670 --> 00:01:32,620 elite special research aircraft that includes the x1 which in 1947 was the 38 00:01:32,620 --> 00:01:32,630 includes the x1 which in 1947 was the 39 00:01:32,630 --> 00:01:34,389 includes the x1 which in 1947 was the first aircraft to break the speed of 40 00:01:34,389 --> 00:01:34,399 first aircraft to break the speed of 41 00:01:34,399 --> 00:01:37,930 first aircraft to break the speed of sound and fly supersonic in the early 42 00:01:37,930 --> 00:01:37,940 sound and fly supersonic in the early 43 00:01:37,940 --> 00:01:40,930 sound and fly supersonic in the early 1960s the x-15 became one of the first 44 00:01:40,930 --> 00:01:40,940 1960s the x-15 became one of the first 45 00:01:40,940 --> 00:01:44,289 1960s the x-15 became one of the first manned hypersonic aircraft and reached 46 00:01:44,289 --> 00:01:44,299 manned hypersonic aircraft and reached 47 00:01:44,299 --> 00:01:48,010 manned hypersonic aircraft and reached speeds of Mach 7 or about 4,500 miles 48 00:01:48,010 --> 00:01:48,020 speeds of Mach 7 or about 4,500 miles 49 00:01:48,020 --> 00:01:51,210 speeds of Mach 7 or about 4,500 miles per hour one of the key technological 50 00:01:51,210 --> 00:01:51,220 per hour one of the key technological 51 00:01:51,220 --> 00:01:55,389 per hour one of the key technological developments of the x30 or NASA are in 52 00:01:55,389 --> 00:01:55,399 developments of the x30 or NASA are in 53 00:01:55,399 --> 00:01:58,559 developments of the x30 or NASA are in the propulsion area an air-breathing 54 00:01:58,559 --> 00:01:58,569 the propulsion area an air-breathing 55 00:01:58,569 --> 00:02:01,059 the propulsion area an air-breathing hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustion 56 00:02:01,059 --> 00:02:01,069 hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustion 57 00:02:01,069 --> 00:02:05,740 hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustion ramjet engine or scramjet engine is now 58 00:02:05,740 --> 00:02:05,750 ramjet engine or scramjet engine is now 59 00:02:05,750 --> 00:02:07,900 ramjet engine or scramjet engine is now being developed for speeds from about 60 00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:07,910 being developed for speeds from about 61 00:02:07,910 --> 00:02:12,729 being developed for speeds from about Mach 7 to Mach 25 the engine uses the 62 00:02:12,729 --> 00:02:12,739 Mach 7 to Mach 25 the engine uses the 63 00:02:12,739 --> 00:02:15,369 Mach 7 to Mach 25 the engine uses the velocity of the vehicle to compress air 64 00:02:15,369 --> 00:02:15,379 velocity of the vehicle to compress air 65 00:02:15,379 --> 00:02:19,150 velocity of the vehicle to compress air as it is rammed into the intake this 66 00:02:19,150 --> 00:02:19,160 as it is rammed into the intake this 67 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:21,190 as it is rammed into the intake this compressed air is then mixed with 68 00:02:21,190 --> 00:02:21,200 compressed air is then mixed with 69 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:24,309 compressed air is then mixed with gaseous hydrogen at this stage to 70 00:02:24,309 --> 00:02:24,319 gaseous hydrogen at this stage to 71 00:02:24,319 --> 00:02:27,490 gaseous hydrogen at this stage to generate high thrust a development on 72 00:02:27,490 --> 00:02:27,500 generate high thrust a development on 73 00:02:27,500 --> 00:02:30,640 generate high thrust a development on which we will focus is materials here to 74 00:02:30,640 --> 00:02:30,650 which we will focus is materials here to 75 00:02:30,650 --> 00:02:33,460 which we will focus is materials here to speak on that is Matt MELAS with the 76 00:02:33,460 --> 00:02:33,470 speak on that is Matt MELAS with the 77 00:02:33,470 --> 00:02:37,869 speak on that is Matt MELAS with the advent of the aerospace plane there's 78 00:02:37,869 --> 00:02:37,879 advent of the aerospace plane there's 79 00:02:37,879 --> 00:02:39,850 advent of the aerospace plane there's become a need for a lot of new material 80 00:02:39,850 --> 00:02:39,860 become a need for a lot of new material 81 00:02:39,860 --> 00:02:41,290 become a need for a lot of new material development beyond a shadow of a doubt 82 00:02:41,290 --> 00:02:41,300 development beyond a shadow of a doubt 83 00:02:41,300 --> 00:02:44,140 development beyond a shadow of a doubt we need new materials alright and these 84 00:02:44,140 --> 00:02:44,150 we need new materials alright and these 85 00:02:44,150 --> 00:02:46,630 we need new materials alright and these new materials will most probably be 86 00:02:46,630 --> 00:02:46,640 new materials will most probably be 87 00:02:46,640 --> 00:02:48,550 new materials will most probably be composite materials but instead of using 88 00:02:48,550 --> 00:02:48,560 composite materials but instead of using 89 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:49,650 composite materials but instead of using on 90 00:02:49,650 --> 00:02:49,660 on 91 00:02:49,660 --> 00:02:52,230 on metal matrix based composite will be 92 00:02:52,230 --> 00:02:52,240 metal matrix based composite will be 93 00:02:52,240 --> 00:02:55,740 metal matrix based composite will be using our epoxy based will be using a 94 00:02:55,740 --> 00:02:55,750 using our epoxy based will be using a 95 00:02:55,750 --> 00:02:57,960 using our epoxy based will be using a metal matrix based composite all right 96 00:02:57,960 --> 00:02:57,970 metal matrix based composite all right 97 00:02:57,970 --> 00:03:01,380 metal matrix based composite all right metal matrix being copper for instance 98 00:03:01,380 --> 00:03:01,390 metal matrix being copper for instance 99 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:04,170 metal matrix being copper for instance one of the big problems NASA is facing 100 00:03:04,170 --> 00:03:04,180 one of the big problems NASA is facing 101 00:03:04,180 --> 00:03:05,700 one of the big problems NASA is facing with the advent of the National 102 00:03:05,700 --> 00:03:05,710 with the advent of the National 103 00:03:05,710 --> 00:03:08,340 with the advent of the National aerospace plane deals with not only 104 00:03:08,340 --> 00:03:08,350 aerospace plane deals with not only 105 00:03:08,350 --> 00:03:11,160 aerospace plane deals with not only finding the right materials to use but 106 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:11,170 finding the right materials to use but 107 00:03:11,170 --> 00:03:13,290 finding the right materials to use but in cooling them as well we have to 108 00:03:13,290 --> 00:03:13,300 in cooling them as well we have to 109 00:03:13,300 --> 00:03:16,110 in cooling them as well we have to figure out some way of making a very 110 00:03:16,110 --> 00:03:16,120 figure out some way of making a very 111 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:17,760 figure out some way of making a very strong material that's going to survive 112 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:17,770 strong material that's going to survive 113 00:03:17,770 --> 00:03:20,000 strong material that's going to survive in a high temperature environment and 114 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:20,010 in a high temperature environment and 115 00:03:20,010 --> 00:03:22,200 in a high temperature environment and what we're going to have to do is 116 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:22,210 what we're going to have to do is 117 00:03:22,210 --> 00:03:25,410 what we're going to have to do is actively cool this material alright by 118 00:03:25,410 --> 00:03:25,420 actively cool this material alright by 119 00:03:25,420 --> 00:03:28,050 actively cool this material alright by putting some kind of a cryogenic fluid 120 00:03:28,050 --> 00:03:28,060 putting some kind of a cryogenic fluid 121 00:03:28,060 --> 00:03:29,880 putting some kind of a cryogenic fluid behind a gaseous hydrogen or liquid 122 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:29,890 behind a gaseous hydrogen or liquid 123 00:03:29,890 --> 00:03:32,580 behind a gaseous hydrogen or liquid hydrogen which is very cold and acts as 124 00:03:32,580 --> 00:03:32,590 hydrogen which is very cold and acts as 125 00:03:32,590 --> 00:03:34,770 hydrogen which is very cold and acts as a good heat transfer medium to take heat 126 00:03:34,770 --> 00:03:34,780 a good heat transfer medium to take heat 127 00:03:34,780 --> 00:03:36,780 a good heat transfer medium to take heat away from the leading edge so on on one 128 00:03:36,780 --> 00:03:36,790 away from the leading edge so on on one 129 00:03:36,790 --> 00:03:39,840 away from the leading edge so on on one side of the of the material on the 130 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:39,850 side of the of the material on the 131 00:03:39,850 --> 00:03:41,250 side of the of the material on the inside of the wing for instance there'll 132 00:03:41,250 --> 00:03:41,260 inside of the wing for instance there'll 133 00:03:41,260 --> 00:03:43,440 inside of the wing for instance there'll be a lot of coolant rushing through to 134 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:43,450 be a lot of coolant rushing through to 135 00:03:43,450 --> 00:03:45,390 be a lot of coolant rushing through to cool the inside down and on the outside 136 00:03:45,390 --> 00:03:45,400 cool the inside down and on the outside 137 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:47,670 cool the inside down and on the outside you'll have a very hot surface and that 138 00:03:47,670 --> 00:03:47,680 you'll have a very hot surface and that 139 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:49,320 you'll have a very hot surface and that is why we need to high heat conductivity 140 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:49,330 is why we need to high heat conductivity 141 00:03:49,330 --> 00:03:51,000 is why we need to high heat conductivity for instance you look at fighter jets 142 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:51,010 for instance you look at fighter jets 143 00:03:51,010 --> 00:03:53,220 for instance you look at fighter jets that's travel mock water Mach 2 or even 144 00:03:53,220 --> 00:03:53,230 that's travel mock water Mach 2 or even 145 00:03:53,230 --> 00:03:54,830 that's travel mock water Mach 2 or even the Concorde which goes oh come on to 146 00:03:54,830 --> 00:03:54,840 the Concorde which goes oh come on to 147 00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:57,980 the Concorde which goes oh come on to you see the three wins are very narrow 148 00:03:57,980 --> 00:03:57,990 you see the three wins are very narrow 149 00:03:57,990 --> 00:04:00,950 you see the three wins are very narrow okay and there's a problem with that 150 00:04:00,950 --> 00:04:00,960 okay and there's a problem with that 151 00:04:00,960 --> 00:04:02,420 okay and there's a problem with that because the smaller the leading edge 152 00:04:02,420 --> 00:04:02,430 because the smaller the leading edge 153 00:04:02,430 --> 00:04:06,080 because the smaller the leading edge gets the more difficult it is to cool 154 00:04:06,080 --> 00:04:06,090 gets the more difficult it is to cool 155 00:04:06,090 --> 00:04:07,610 gets the more difficult it is to cool and the hotter it gets because it's such 156 00:04:07,610 --> 00:04:07,620 and the hotter it gets because it's such 157 00:04:07,620 --> 00:04:10,130 and the hotter it gets because it's such a small it's just such a small point 158 00:04:10,130 --> 00:04:10,140 a small it's just such a small point 159 00:04:10,140 --> 00:04:13,540 a small it's just such a small point lying out there in the free stream that 160 00:04:13,540 --> 00:04:13,550 lying out there in the free stream that 161 00:04:13,550 --> 00:04:17,240 lying out there in the free stream that it gets very warm very quickly the 162 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:17,250 it gets very warm very quickly the 163 00:04:17,250 --> 00:04:20,030 it gets very warm very quickly the national aerospace plane is one of the 164 00:04:20,030 --> 00:04:20,040 national aerospace plane is one of the 165 00:04:20,040 --> 00:04:22,520 national aerospace plane is one of the projects being developed by NASA for 166 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:22,530 projects being developed by NASA for 167 00:04:22,530 --> 00:04:25,790 projects being developed by NASA for future space use but we cannot expect it 168 00:04:25,790 --> 00:04:25,800 future space use but we cannot expect it 169 00:04:25,800 --> 00:04:28,730 future space use but we cannot expect it to do all of our work in space the 170 00:04:28,730 --> 00:04:28,740 to do all of our work in space the 171 00:04:28,740 --> 00:04:30,260 to do all of our work in space the national aerospace plane being something 172 00:04:30,260 --> 00:04:30,270 national aerospace plane being something 173 00:04:30,270 --> 00:04:34,690 national aerospace plane being something that will possibly be able to supplement 174 00:04:34,690 --> 00:04:34,700 that will possibly be able to supplement 175 00:04:34,700 --> 00:04:37,790 that will possibly be able to supplement the shuttle fleet or maybe even replace 176 00:04:37,790 --> 00:04:37,800 the shuttle fleet or maybe even replace 177 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:40,940 the shuttle fleet or maybe even replace it but obviously if you have an airplane 178 00:04:40,940 --> 00:04:40,950 it but obviously if you have an airplane 179 00:04:40,950 --> 00:04:42,590 it but obviously if you have an airplane that can take off from a runway and go 180 00:04:42,590 --> 00:04:42,600 that can take off from a runway and go 181 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:45,440 that can take off from a runway and go to orbit with some people in it and go 182 00:04:45,440 --> 00:04:45,450 to orbit with some people in it and go 183 00:04:45,450 --> 00:04:46,970 to orbit with some people in it and go to the space station for instance or 184 00:04:46,970 --> 00:04:46,980 to the space station for instance or 185 00:04:46,980 --> 00:04:50,240 to the space station for instance or something like that obviously it would 186 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:50,250 something like that obviously it would 187 00:04:50,250 --> 00:04:56,150 something like that obviously it would be capable of shuttle type operations as 188 00:04:56,150 --> 00:04:56,160 be capable of shuttle type operations as 189 00:04:56,160 --> 00:04:58,250 be capable of shuttle type operations as far as payload goes I think moving big 190 00:04:58,250 --> 00:04:58,260 far as payload goes I think moving big 191 00:04:58,260 --> 00:05:00,260 far as payload goes I think moving big things like space station components or 192 00:05:00,260 --> 00:05:00,270 things like space station components or 193 00:05:00,270 --> 00:05:02,020 things like space station components or say for instance they want to go to Mars 194 00:05:02,020 --> 00:05:02,030 say for instance they want to go to Mars 195 00:05:02,030 --> 00:05:04,700 say for instance they want to go to Mars and they have to get some big boosters 196 00:05:04,700 --> 00:05:04,710 and they have to get some big boosters 197 00:05:04,710 --> 00:05:06,380 and they have to get some big boosters up there or something like that I don't 198 00:05:06,380 --> 00:05:06,390 up there or something like that I don't 199 00:05:06,390 --> 00:05:08,660 up there or something like that I don't see the National aerospace plane taking 200 00:05:08,660 --> 00:05:08,670 see the National aerospace plane taking 201 00:05:08,670 --> 00:05:10,370 see the National aerospace plane taking that kind of payload up there the 202 00:05:10,370 --> 00:05:10,380 that kind of payload up there the 203 00:05:10,380 --> 00:05:13,250 that kind of payload up there the National aerospace plane is expected to 204 00:05:13,250 --> 00:05:13,260 National aerospace plane is expected to 205 00:05:13,260 --> 00:05:15,320 National aerospace plane is expected to yield a high payoff for the United 206 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:15,330 yield a high payoff for the United 207 00:05:15,330 --> 00:05:18,590 yield a high payoff for the United States in the early 21st century with 208 00:05:18,590 --> 00:05:18,600 States in the early 21st century with 209 00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:22,040 States in the early 21st century with reduced space launch costs vastly 210 00:05:22,040 --> 00:05:22,050 reduced space launch costs vastly 211 00:05:22,050 --> 00:05:24,440 reduced space launch costs vastly reduced transit time on long-haul air 212 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:24,450 reduced transit time on long-haul air 213 00:05:24,450 --> 00:05:27,320 reduced transit time on long-haul air routes major investments by private 214 00:05:27,320 --> 00:05:27,330 routes major investments by private 215 00:05:27,330 --> 00:05:29,420 routes major investments by private enterprise in commercial space ventures 216 00:05:29,420 --> 00:05:29,430 enterprise in commercial space ventures 217 00:05:29,430 --> 00:05:32,690 enterprise in commercial space ventures and sustained us preeminence in 218 00:05:32,690 --> 00:05:32,700 and sustained us preeminence in 219 00:05:32,700 --> 00:05:35,570 and sustained us preeminence in aeronautics with all of the social and 220 00:05:35,570 --> 00:05:35,580 aeronautics with all of the social and 221 00:05:35,580 --> 00:05:39,920 aeronautics with all of the social and economic benefits that accompany it